Re: for what would you use a condenser mic for?
cool, does it get used the same way as a dynamic? Is it more powerful with a larger capture area?
Big NO!
Where to start..... The cliff's notes is that they are completely different, the physics of their operation, the electric principles that enable their operation, their interaction with sound sources, it's all completely different.
Hit up
this thread for great info. That is a vault-worthy thread about miking guitar cabinets.
Basically, a dynamic microphone uses induction to create a signal and a condensor, or capacitor microphone uses capacitance to create a signal. A condenser / capacitor microphone requires phantom power to operate (+48V)
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Generally, a dynamic moving coil (dynamic) mic will operate better with higher sound pressure levels, is more rugged as a function of it's design, and doesn't need phantom power to operate.
Most folks use these for micing loud sound sources like guitar cabinets and drums
A condensor / capacitor microphone needs +48V to operate, generally has a fuller response, captures transients much better than dynamic mics, and are less rugged.
Most folks use these for studio vocals, recording acoustic guitar, and recording room reflections from guitar cabinets.
There's no hard and fast rules about which type is for which application.
The [sic] capture area or "pickup pattern" is dependent upon the model / design of that microphone, not whether it's a dynamic or a condenser.
More powerful is a qualitative way to say something that could be quantified in a huge number of ways; frequency response, signal to noise ratio, et al. See above for details about some of the ways the two types of mics are different.
Read these two articles, you will be glad you did.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#Dynamic_microphones
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#Condenser.2C_capacitor_or_electrostatic_microphones