Re: Seymour Duncan '59
It's a trademark, not a patent. They can't patent a concept, only a specific design and process, which means they would have to patent every possible coil winding and their infinite combinations separately.
For example they can patent a 2-coil pickup where the inner coil reads 6K and the outer coil reads 5K, and when wired in series the whole pickup would read roughly 11K, but that patent would not cover the inner coil being wound to 5K and the outer coil to 6K, thus being the same pickup spec-wise.
However, they can trademark the concept of mismatched coils, provided it is recognizable by the general public as being most-commonly associated with DiMarzio (according to the regulations of trademark, which I looked up a while back for my own purposes).
I do believe they held the patent on the double-cream bobbin configuration, however. That's something that could be trademarked as well, since it was one of their defining visual characteristics that the general population would know (at least in musical circles).