Re: Why does gain cause...
ok, you take a nice clean signal. Then you add gain to it. the added gain will (literally) "overdrive" at one point causing the harmonics to be more pronounced (not natural or pinch harmonics that you can do while playing, we're actually talking about even and odd harmonics). more gain also adds more sensitivity to the input device making it more succeptible to feedback.
for a cool experiment, and if you have the equipment. get a spectrum analyzer, a signal generator and an RF preamplifier. set the sig gen for a nice clean 0 dbm (decibels per milliwatt) signal. have that flowing through the preamp on bypass and on to the spec an. on the spec an, set the frequency so that your signal is near the left side of the screen (this will allow you to see several harmonics). Slowly turn up the gain on the preamp, and on the second it overdrives, you'll see several other signals pop up on the spec an. The more you increase on the preamp, the bigger these additional signals get. These are harmonics, and these are the overtones you hear when you play through an overdriven amp.
did you know that a signal plus its harmonics form a square wave?