Re: 10" and 12" Tonal Differences
I like both personally, ....here is my break down (all things being equal, which in reality never are) ... 12s have a bit stronger low end, and bit tubbier (but in a good way), it's also a bit more focused and tighter, 10s don't have as much, but the low end is a bit looser, and a bit more acoustic sounding ...
12's have the mids pulled back some,while curiously sounding a bit more focused, 10's hav a bit more mids, but seems more open sounding, and smoother ...
12'a have a bit more bell like high end, but it's still rounder even if glassy,
10's don't seem to have that bell like reponse, but their hi end seems to be airy sounding, more een with less peaks, and actually extending further than 12's ... even though there seems to be a bit less of it ... 12's may be stronger, but I don't think they extend up as far as 10's do, nor are as flat (well, if you could ever say that guitar speakers were flat in any sense).
If given a choice, live I'd pick a 12 (say a 1x12 combo for this example), it tends to throw the frequecies hardest to move and get people to hear.
recording, I'd go with a 10, the 10 tends to show more detail and complexity in the midrange or the guitar ... more subtleys, and personality, also does get thumpy on the bass, and the highs are always present, but smooth ...
12s are kinda like dynamic microphones, and 10's like studio condenser mikes... kinda a cool comparison ... that's the way I hear it.