Re: Attenuators & power soaks.. gain without the pain
Generally speaking, there are two kinds of attenuators: resistive and reactive.
Resistive attenuators are usually less expensive because they're much cheaper to make, but the more you attenuate the more excessively dull the sound can get because the resistive load never or at least only slightly changes.
Reactive attenuators also vary in quality, but basically, they "react" to what the speaker would do under those loads. Speakers vary their resistive load as they run; so a reactive attenuator does the same thing, simulating what a real speaker would do. This results in a much more natural sound compared to when it's louder, but as you attenuate, the sound does get slightly dull, albeit nowhere near as bad as the resistive ones. But, at most levels of attenuation, the tone you get is still more than usable and in a blind test (volume compensated), I highly doubt you would be able to tell which one was the attenuated amp and which one was not, although you would hear a difference.
To actually answer your question, yes the transformer does run hotter because the actual amp is running hotter, an attenuator essentially just soaks up most of the signal before it goes to the speaker. If you run it at close to max output, you will burn out the tubes faster, but that would be case even if you weren't running the attenuator and just had the amp close to max.
Pete Thorn did an excellent
video on the Tone King Ironman II Reactive Attenuator if you want more information. There's also Andy with Reverb who did another excellent
video.
TL;DR
Resistive attenuators will do the job, but "suck" tone pretty badly when using a lot. Reactive attenuators mostly preserve your tone as you attenuate, and the "tone suck" is usually not enough to worry about.