JCM800 was Jim Marshall's car licence plate at the time that amp came out...900 is a modified 800. JTM stood for Jim and Terry Marshall, and JMP stood for Jim Marshall Products...the numerical system is what Marshall goes by...2203, 2204, 1987, 1959, and so on.
Back in the day, they were just simple references, but new Marshall's go by their updated system which has a number for the line, another for the wattage, and yet another for any attached speakers and how many, unless it's a head.