The influence of eddy currents
As mentioned earlier, this overview has been simplified to make it easier to understand. Up to this point, it has not taken into account the influence of eddy currents in metal parts. Such currents appear wherever an alternating magnetic field flows through electrically conductive parts. These parts are mostly the cores of magnetic coils – that is, either permanent magnets (in which the currents are relatively weak) or soft iron parts such as screws or fixed slugs (where the currents are stronger).
Strong eddy currents can also occur in metal covers; these currents vanish when the covers are removed. To some degree, the currents’ strength depends on the dimensions of the metal parts as well as their constituent materials. The decisive factor, however, is the parts’ specific resistivity, which is highly variable. There are thousands of iron and steel core types, whose properties can differ widely, resulting in variable frequency transmission characteristics.
Metal covers are made of either brass (copper/zinc) or German Silver (copper/zinc/nickel); the latter has a higher specific resistivity and is therefore less conductive to eddy currents. Plastic covers are not conductive. To a lesser extent, eddy currents can also occur in base plates as well as in metal magnets located underneath the coils.
Eddy currents have a threefold effect: First,
they reduce resonance superelevation, sometimes to the point of eliminating it completely; secondly, they steepen the slope of frequency transmissions at a height far exceeding the resonant frequency, where 18 dB/octave slopes can be measured. This slope is inversely proportional to the threefold power of the frequency. Thirdly,
they cause the frequency transmission curve to drop slightly below the resonant frequency, as shown in Fig. 5: